Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas

Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.     

苯并噻二唑甲酸三氟乙酯诱导仙客来抗枯萎病的研究

为了明确新型化合物苯并噻二唑甲酸三氟乙酯对土传病害的诱导抗病作用,本文研究了该化合物诱导仙客来对枯萎病的抗病效果。通过叶面喷施苯并噻二唑甲酸三氟乙酯可诱导仙客来对枯萎病的抗病效果,在仙客来移栽缓苗后7d叶面喷施该化合物,不同浓度对枯萎病的抗病效果不同,其中100mg.L-1的处理,在诱导后25、30和35d的抗病效果分别为82.90%、58.59%和64.17%;在仙客来成株枯萎病发病初期用该化合物诱导,抗病效果仍可达63.91%,显著高于噁霉灵处理（47.63%）。该研究将为寻求通过叶面喷雾施药防治园艺作物土传病害的新途径起到参考作用。     

农药新剂型——微乳粒剂配制的可行性研究

以三唑磷为模式农药,研究了一种外观为颗粒状、用水稀释后成微乳液的农药新剂型——微乳粒剂配制的可行性。以乳状液的中位径(D50)为因变量,各表面活性剂用量为自变量,采用混料均匀试验设计并结合偏最小二乘回归法筛选表面活性剂品种;用比例法与对分法优化各表面活性剂用量;采用旋转挤压造粒法造粒。将筛选获得的农乳500与农乳602号用于配制15%三唑磷微乳粒剂,其乳状液外观为淡蓝色透明状,分散相颗粒迁移速度为0,且不同水质(水硬度:0~3 420 mg/L,水温:10~50 ℃)下乳液稳定性均合格;乳状液D50为54.2 nm,粒径分布范围为15.7~122 nm,粒径增大速率为0.01%/min;乳状液在相对离心力10 730×g下离心5 min未发生相分离。结果表明:该三唑磷微乳粒剂的乳状液为微乳液,微乳粒剂可以成功配制。     

多杀菌素微球制备关键工艺研究:Ⅱ

采用乳化-溶剂挥发法,以聚乳酸(PLA)为成球材料(壁材)制备了多杀菌素微球。研究了PLA浓度和油/水相体积比对多杀菌素微球制备的影响规律,确定了制备多杀菌素微球的优选配方及工艺条件。制备得到中位径(D50)为12.73 μm、跨距为1.4811、载药量在31%左右、包封率为100.2%、包封产率为89.4%的多杀菌素微球,重复性良好。扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,所得微球为表面较光滑的实心小圆球。差示扫描量热(DSC)分析结果证实,多杀菌素和PLA的确形成了载药微球。室内毒力测定结果表明,自制5%多杀菌素微球悬浮剂与市售2.5%多杀菌素悬浮 剂(菜喜)对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella 2龄幼虫的毒力基本相同,LC50值分别为0.40和0.38 μg/mL。     

Genetic control of sorghum resistance to leaf anthracnose

A study was carried out to investigate the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, in sorghum. Crosses between resistant and susceptible parents and backcrosses between F₁ plants and the susceptible parents were carried out under field conditions. The F₁ generations and the segregant populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions in the greenhouse. In the F₁ generation of all crosses with the respective isolates, all of the plants presented a resistance reaction except for the F₁ plants resulting from the BR009 × SC283 cross. In the F₂ generation, the frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants conformed to the hypothesis that one gene with two alleles controls host resistance, except in one cross. Out of the eight backcrosses, six presented segregation that corresponded to the hypothesis formulated. For most crosses, resistance was dominant, and the proportions of resistant and susceptible plants in the segregant populations conformed to the frequencies expected under the hypothesis of gene‐for‐gene resistance and dominant gene action.     

Biochemical and histopathological studies to assess chronic toxicity of triazophos in blood, liver and brain tissue of rats

Triazophos, O,O-diethyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate, (TZ) is an organophosphorus pesticide which is extensively used in agriculture for controlling insect pests. Except a FAO/WHO report no study has investigated its short-term toxicity with respect to its potential to cause biochemical and histopathological alterations. The present study was designed to identify the effect of TZ at different doses (1.64, 3.2 and 8.2 mg/kg) on the oxidative stress parameters in blood as well as organs involved in xenobiotic metabolism (liver and brain) following chronic exposure for 90 days. Moreover, the study also delineates the effect of TZ on the histo-architecture of these organs. The results indicated a dose dependent induction (p < 0.001) of oxidative stress, as evident by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and compromised antioxidant defense including glutathione S transferase (GST) activity, glutathione (GSH) content and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in blood, and increased MDA level with concomitantly decreased GSH content in tissues, following chronic exposure to TZ. The ratio of MDA: FRAP in blood was found to be increased following chronic exposure to TZ and may serve as a suitable indicator of severity of oxidative damage. Onset of such biochemical alterations is one of the early adaptive responses to TZ exposure which leads to histopathological alterations in terms of diffuse fatty changes expanding from mid-zonal area to whole lobule in liver. However, increased oxidative stress did not bring any morphological alteration in brain. The present study concludes that induction of oxidative stress, leading to subsequent histopathological alterations in liver, is an important mechanism underlying the TZ induced chronic toxicity.     

草莓‘红颊’品种在温州的引种表现

对温州大棚条件下草莓‘红颊’品种和当地主栽品种‘丰香’的主要植物学特性、育苗特性、产量和经济性状进行调查和比较试验。结果表明：‘红烦’在丰产性、果实品质、抗病性等综合性状方面表现突出,适合在温州草莓促成栽培中推广。若与当地主栽品种‘丰香’轮换种植,可以改善大棚草莓品种构成,增加果农收入。     

国兰花期调控机制研究进展

国兰花期调控技术是国兰实现产业化的关键技术之一。文章从国兰花芽分化的生殖生理基础及花芽分化后国兰发育开花的环境条件方面论述国兰花期调控机制研究的进展,总结国兰花期调控的具体措施。     

辽宁凤凰山风景区硬质景观的情感传达

介绍辽宁凤凰山风景名胜区的概况及其硬质景观的艺术设计,分析其硬质景观传达的情感和人文思想.     

不同基质含水量对秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量的影响

运用南京蔬菜工厂化育苗中心先进的仪器设备,经精心设计后开展试验研究,旨在探索出不同基质含水量与秋播花椰菜工厂化育苗质量间的关系。将秋季花椰菜育苗划分为播种发茅期、子叶期、1叶1心期、2～5叶期、4～5叶期5个生长阶段,在各阶段均设定4个不同的基质水分处理值进行观测比较分析。试验结果表明：秋季花椰菜育苗5个生长阶段的最佳基质含水量依次为基质最大持水量的85％、65％、65％、75％和75％;另可提供秋播花椰菜优质种苗相应标准参考值为：苗龄4～5叶,株高7．47cm,茎粗3．64mm,最大节间距o．78cm,最大叶形指数1．44。